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Essay Subject: Describes the OSI model and evaluates three network architectures LAN Internet model and SNA ...... More...

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Paper Abstract: Describes the International Standards Organization (OSI) model and evaluates three network architectures (LAN, Internet model and SNA) to the OSI model. Its use for data communications. Paper Introduction: Network Architectures The International Standards Organization ISO developed the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection OSI telecommunications model in theearly s Since then the ISO-OSI model has become the standard usedfor most major data communications standards The model breaks upinformation into seven stacked layers the top of which is the mostsophisticated applications layer and the bottom-most of which is thephysical layer Different devices with different goals work at differentlayers of the OSI model Leibson Starting from the bottom up the layers are physical data Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. IBM's System Network Architecture is an eight-layer model that wasused-along with DEC's DNA model-as the basis for the OS model. Although the OSI model was originally developed as astandard, and remains in widespread use, some architectures, such as theInternet model, have modified the OSI model to suit specific environments.An understanding of the OSI model is necessary to appreciate and determinewhich network architecture is appropriate in any given situation. The Internet model eliminates the presentation and session layers andmerges the physical and data link layers to a host-to-network layer. It establishes andreleases application associations. This is also the first layer thatsupports a defined unified address (Hasib 18). The data link layer sends messages out in frames with acharacter count specified in the header, and with an identifying specialcharacter at the end. Flow control at this layer synchronizes messageactivity, and the sender waits for permission from the receiver beforetransmitting. Thetop three layers (application, presentation and session) are applicationoriented, the middle layer (transport) is transitional, and the threelowest levels (network, data link and physical) are network dependent. The transitional transport layer provides site-to-site communication. In this architecture, the data linklayer is divided into two sublayers, with the logical link control (LLC)sublayer above the media access control (MAC) sublayer. Retrieved from the Internet 29 Feb 2 4: http://www.cs.gmu.edu/~huangyih/455/intro.pdf.Leibson, Steven H. The three lowest layers are where fundamental communication activitiestake place. Complex processes take place at the three topmost layers. Retrieved from the Internet 29 Feb 2 4, http://www.buet.ac.bd/iict/iictcourses/ict6 4/ 6 4Week3.pdf.Huang, Yih. Works Cited"Ethernet Basics." Retrieved from the Internet 29 Feb 2 4, http://netknowledge.telecom.climoilou.qc.ca/Cursus/Semestre1%2 (Interne tworking%2 Fundamentals/ifsg2-3.pdf.Hasib, Abdul. "DSOs and Logic Analyzers Inch Their Way Up the ISO Protocol Stack." EDN (Mar 4, 1993): 43-47.McCreedy, John. The physical layer is where raw streams of bits are sent backand forth. The LAN network architecture uses both the data link and physicallayers to create and transmit frames. The MAC sublayercontrols which devices send and receive data. The sessionlayer provides process-to-process communication through buffering, anddialog synchronization such as synchronous data communication. This results in a four-layer as opposed to seven-layermodel which is at once both more straightforward, but also more complexthan the OSI model since each layer now performs many more functions thanin the OSI model (Huang 8). Starting from the bottom up, the layers are: physical, data link,network, transport, session, presentation and application (Hasib 15). "Data Communication and Computer Networks." Bangladesh: Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology. The OSI model provides a framework against which network architecturescan be evaluated. The primary advantage of the LANnetwork architecture is that it is effective regardless of whether thetransmission is connectionless or connection-oriented ("Ethernet Basics"11). This is an inefficient method for sending large messagesbecause of the permission aspect (Hasib 19). This layer routes network connections, andestablishes/releases those connections. The LLC layer identifies thedata and passes it to the network layer. "The OSI Model." Retrieved from the Internet 29 Feb 2 4: http://www.celticrover.com/bgtt/osimodel.asp. Transport and application layers fill the topmost slots inthe Internet model. This has led to several other architectures that work with theOSI model or in place of the model. "Introduction." George Mason University. The primary advantage of OSIover SNA is that OSI can be used across multiple platforms regardless ofthe hardware manufacturers involved; in fact, this is one of the primaryreasons that OSI was developed (McCreedy 1). This layeris responsible for determining the interaction between communicatingdevices. The network layer is used for wide area networks, but is redundant forlocal area networks. The lowerlayers are the same in both models, but the OSI model combines SNA'sapplication and transaction services model. Since then, the ISO-OSI model has become the standard usedfor most major data communications standards. The model breaks upinformation into seven stacked layers, the top of which is the mostsophisticated applications layer and the bottom-most of which is thephysical layer. Network Architectures The International Standards Organization (ISO) developed the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) telecommunications model in theearly 197 s. The topmost layer is the application layer. The presentation layer performs common data transformations, suchas data compression and encryption, that might occur between sender andreceiver. TheInternet layer in the Internet model is the same as the network layer inthe OSI model. Often, the session and presentation layers are not present, and thedata link, network and transport layers are often utilized nearly tocapacity. Different devices, with different goals, work at differentlayers of the OSI model (Leibson 41). This is where file transfer protocols,remote logins and e-mail takes place (Hasib 16, 17). 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