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Paper Abstract: This is a paper about current issues in computer crimes. It describes the crimes, trends in crimes, and ways in which individuals and governments can fight the crimes that are in combination referred to as computer crimes. Paper Introduction: Current Issues in Computer Crime There are no reliable statistics on the amount of computer crime andthe economic loss to victims This is partly because the victims do notdetect many of these types of crimes and many of the crimes that aredetected are not reported to authorities This is partly because thelosses are often difficult to calculate or quantify especially wheninformation is accessed and copied It is difficult to place a cost onthis type of computer trespassing and theft Nikki Swartz writes Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. Risks are low because people committing cyber attacks do not need to cross international borders . . Current Issues in Computer Crime There are no reliable statistics on the amount of computer crime andthe economic loss to victims. The fear is that cyber terrorists will use these tools to shut downcritical national infrastructure such as the national energy grid, the U.S.air traffic control system, or other vital government operations such asthe 911 emergency response system or sewage treatment systems. Computers make our life easier. However, unauthorized use can involve changing or deleing data. The use of computers tied into the Internet is becoming an integralpart of the daily lives of many Americans. Sometimes the cracker will wipe out the website, and other times he or she will 'only' change the content. Theft of trade secrets and other proprietary information by individuals making unauthorized access to a computer system is still another violation of federal law. The Real Cost of Computer Crime Information Systems Security12(1), 2.Swartz, N. . A Trojan Horse program that contains at leastone function that is unknown to the user and that harms the user. The distinction between a virus and worm is that avirus never copies itself - a virus is copied only when the infectedexecutable file is run. However, the tremendous importance people and companies placeon computers and computer systems has made them tempting target for bothcriminals and cyber-terrorists. (2 3 Nov. (2 3 Sep.). It is difficult to place a cost onthis type of computer trespassing and theft. A criminal violation of federal copyright law is another charge that a cyber criminal may face. Private Sector Key To Cybercrime Fight Computerworld,37(46), 12. In this instance, access alone is unlawful. A worm is a programthat copies itself. Government, or a financial institution insured by the U.S. This can be accomplished by: . Dan Verton writes that more cooperation is neededfrom the private-sector companies that are the targets of the criminalgroups involved in committing some of the more sophisticated and costlytypes of cyber-crimes. Sites such as those listed beloware fueling the rise of computer crime; crimes that are estimated to havecost businesses more than $1 trillion last year in preventive maintenance,recovery, theft, and unrealized revenue. A TrojanHorse does not replicate, which distinguishes it from viruses and worms. There are easily accessible websites that offer detailedinstructions about on how to crack systems. He adds that the private sector will need to makeunprecedented efforts to cooperate with law enforcement agencies and withsupervisory authorities within and across borders due to the global natureof the Internet (Verton, 2 3, 12). Unauthorized use of a computer. From the terrorists' perspective, the advantages of a cyber attack arenumerous and include: . It is hard to track, and can be done from remote locations . http://www.robson.org/gary/writing/becomeahacker.html . He also suggest the federal governmentshould strengthen cooperation and information exchange with internationallaw enforcement organizations and international agencies fighting this typeof computer crime. Further abuse such as the hacker transferring money to his or her personal account brings with it additional federal charges. (2 3, March). Malicious computer programs can be dividedinto viruses, worms, logic bombs and Trojan Horses. The United States government considers all of the following to becomputer crimes punishable under federal criminal law: . Http://www.wired.com/news/culture/ ,1284,62 89, .html?tw=wn_story_rela ted . 4. Altering websites. . There are four major classes of criminalactivity with computers: 1. Nikki Swartz writes that according to the annual Computer Crime andSecurity Survey, the number of computer attacks and the cost of each isrising dramatically (Swartz 2 2). Swartz cautions that among computersecurity experts and MIS managers, there is growing concern that companiesmay not be able load upgrades and make other changes quickly enough toprotect themselves against hackers, crackers and other cyber criminals whoremain successful by remaining one step ahead of their victims attempts tostop them (Swartz, 2 2, 6). Harassment may also include threats, sexual innuendo, and hatemail. The fact that the attack is inexpensive . Computers are ubiquitous and have become an essential tool for manyAmericans. . The effects can be significant, especially when terrorists attack a number of targets simultaneously, which affect a large number of people ReferencesMontes, J. Confronting Cyber-Crime Americas55(5), 53.Ott, W. In his article, Jeffrey Ott laments the problem that is difficult, ifnot impossible, to gather accurate statistics about computer crimes.Essentially, security consultant and MIS managers do not want to admit howserious a problem this has become. This is partly because thelosses are often difficult to calculate or quantify especially wheninformation is accessed and copied. A logic bomb is a program that "detonates" when some event occurs. . Cybercrime Soars. Government, or a federally registered securities dealer, or a foreign bank. Harassment can be as simple as continuing to sende-mail to someone who has said they want no further contact with thesender. Flooding an Internet server with bogus requests for web pages 2. In just a few minutes, I locatedthe following websites offering instructions about how to become a computerhacker or cracker: . There has been any number of attacks on websites by hackers and 'crackers.' In a typical attack, a "cracker" [a term that be more easily understood as a malicious hacker] will delete or alter information on the victim's website. Sending large amounts of repetitive junk e-mail messages . In general, the harasser intends to cause emotionaldistress for the victim. The second class of criminal activity involves creating or releasinga malicious computer program. Fraudulent acquisition of telecommunications services, which means, among other activities, gaining access to free local and long distance calls by hacking into the phone company's system. . http://www.astronomysight.com/_message/ 2c .htm The FBI defines cyber terrorism as "The premeditated, politicallymotivated attack against information, computer systems, computer programs,and data which result in violence against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents." An alternative definition of cyberterrorism is a criminal act perpetrated by the use of computers andtelecommunications capabilities resulting destruction or disruption ofservices to create fear by causing confusion and uncertainty in thepopulation, with the goal of influencing a government to conform toparticular political, social or ideological agenda. This is partly because the victims do notdetect many of these types of crimes, and many of the crimes that aredetected are not reported to authorities. A virus is a programthat "infects" an executable file. 3. Javier Montesurges the federal government to adopt specific legislation to criminalizedifferent types of cybercrime, to establish specific units or bodies toinvestigate and prosecute these offenses, to continue scheduling technicalmeetings to discuss these crimes. This is only a partial list of federal computer crimes. Unauthorized access can also involve denial of service to authorized users. Accessing any computer operated by the U.S. Malicious mischief, such as altering or defacing a website is another federal crime. . Interception electronic communications including text messages, voice mail and email is illegal under federal law. Often, criminals obtain credit card information from computer networks they enter illegally. http://www.infosyssec.net/infosyssec/hackhow1.htm . The fraudulent use of credit cards. 17). Thedetonated program might stop working (e.g., go into an infinite loop),crash the computer, release a virus, delete data files, or any of manyother harmful possibilities. Information Management Journal, 6.Verton, D. http://www.voy.com/154 1 /35.html . One fact that is not in debate is this: Computer related crime is onthe rise. The unauthorized use of computers sometimes involves reading or copying confidential or proprietary information, which is often neither deleted nor changed. The United States criminal code prohibits interstate transport of stolen, converted, or fraudulently obtained material - including computer data files. (2 2, May). After infection, the executable filefunctions in a different way than before, for example by either denying theuser access, or alternatively by altering data files. They are also reluctant to admit tothemselves or to others that they do not have the expertise to preventcomputer related crimes. These how-to guides explainhow to commit technology-related frauds. This might involve stealing a username and password, or could involve accessing the victim's computer via the Internet. Having the host computer execute a program that puts the processor into a loop . Another computer crime involves harassment and stalkingusing the internet. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.

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