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Paper Abstract: Discusses rise in alcohol abuse and binge drinking. Health, safety, social and academic problems of alcohol consumption among college students, male and female. Cites data. Binge drinking as the most important public health problem on campuses. Actions of college, public health and government officials to address the issue. Paper Introduction: College Health Risk Behavior Alcohol Abuse Throughout the literature there is evidence that alcohol abuse, specifically binge drinking, is at epidemic proportions among America’s college and university student populations. A federally appointed Task Force on College Drinking whose report was comprised of data from numerous surveys and databases was recently released. The report found that alcohol consumption among college students in the U.S. is responsible for 1,400 alcohol-related deaths, 500,000 injuries and 70,000 cases of sexual assault or date rape annually (College, 2002, 07D). A majority of alcohol-related deaths are due from motor vehicle accidents caused by drunk drivers. The Harvard School of Public Health’s College Alcohol Study (CAS) has be Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. Why do you think that was" (Dead, 2 2, T2). Argue with friends 23. The results of their findings are listed in the tablebelow and adequately demonstrate that binge drinkers are significantly morelikely to experience alcohol-related problems than non-binge drinkers:Problem Non-Binge Binge DrinkersMiss a class 3 .9 62.5Behind in schoolwork 26. (Apr 29, 2 2). (Jun 2 , 2 2). Further, the Harvard CAS indicates that alcohol consumptionbehavioral norms vary widely among the student population. The U.S. Binge drinking and the American college student: What's five drinks? Known as theAlcohol Tax Equalization Act, the legislation proposes raising taxes onbeer and wine to match the tax on alcohol. (Apr 1 , 2 2). Prendergast (1994)reports that a survey of college and university administrators shows thatalcohol is "a factor in 295 of academic problems and in 21% of cases ofdropping out of school" (1 4). Substance use and abuse among college students: A review of recent literature. Suchprograms are aimed at increasing awareness among teens about the dangers ofbinge drinking. Someorganizations have enlisted the aid of students who have been throughalcohol rehabilitation programs to help encourage other teens to drinkresponsibly or abstain altogether. ReferencesAnonymous. One teen that almost died from alcoholpoisoning named "Michael" is used to help teens in question and answerforums across American colleges. College Health Risk Behavior Alcohol Abuse Throughout the literature there is evidence that alcohol abuse,specifically binge drinking, is at epidemic proportions among America'scollege and university student populations. As Jersild (2 2) argues, "The downside of changing gender normsseems to be that the convention of moderation in drinking among women isdisappearing" (B1 ). Norton believes that becausebeer and wine are taxed at a lower level than alcohol it encouragesstudents to consume more of these alcoholic beverages. Journal of American College Health, 5 (5): 197-2 1.Prendergast, M. Bing drinking and alcohol abuse are associated with avariety of problems from academic trouble to date rape. F. A federally appointed TaskForce on College Drinking whose report was comprised of data from numeroussurveys and databases was recently released. L. and Baer, J. Scholastic Choices, 18(1): T2.Anonymous. Black Issues in Higher Education, 19(9): 9.Jersild, D. Many universities have tried to prohibit drinking atfraternity and sorority houses, but increases in alcohol consumption off-campus makes researchers believe that controlling drinking in one locationonly serves to increase the number of other locations where alcohol isconsumed. and Nelson, T. The report found that alcoholconsumption among college students in the U.S. Work andacademic pressures create tension in young adults who are faced with newliving situations and social pressures. (Nov 1, 1994). Alcohol in the vulnerable lives of college women. (May 1999). As Norton stated,"...students consume more than 1 billion beers each year, and by havinglower taxes on beer and wine we bring the price down and encourage teens tomake these the drinks of choice" (Dervarics, 2 2, 9). Further, many women feel like they are onequal terms with men when they can consume alcohol to the same degree.This puts women at greater risk for alcohol poisoning and other deleteriouseffects of alcohol use, since women are smaller and need less alcohol tobecome intoxicated than males. Researchers andobservers blame the increase in binge drinking among women in the alcoholindustry's efforts to promote alcohol use among young women. A majority of alcohol-relateddeaths are due from motor vehicle accidents caused by drunk drivers. One thing is certain. 42.6Engage in unprotected sex 22.3 41.5Damage property 8.9 22.7Get into trouble with police 5.2 12.7Get hurt or injured 1 .9 26.6Treatment-alcohol overdose .8 .9Drive after drinking 39.7 36.75 or more alcohol problems 16.6 43. The fact that women are now considered theequals of men has also contributed to such behaviors in female collegestudents. New legislation targets binge drinking among students. In addition to these factors thatcan drive alcohol consumption, drinking alcohol is viewed as a rite ofpassage for young adults and college life includes the use of intoxicatingsubstance as a norm. Oneadvertisement for bourbon proclaims: "Get in touch with your masculineside" (Jersild, 2 2, B1 ). USA Today, 7d.Anonymous. (May 31, 2 2). 46.3Do something you regret 39.6 62. (Dec 1, 2 1). Many collegestudents are living away from direct parental supervision. There is a mountain of evidence in the literature that bingedrinking is responsible for most of the alcohol-related harms that comefrom drinking. E. Because of thisone researcher argues, "It may not be possible to design an effective onesize fits all approach to address college alcohol use" (Wechsler et al.,1999, 247). The Harvard School of Public Health's College Alcohol Study (CAS)has become a standard of alcohol consumption research. is responsible for 1,4 alcohol-related deaths, 5 , injuries and 7 , cases of sexual assaultor date rape annually (College, 2 2, 7D). There is evidence that binge drinking among females is increasing.A study conducted by Harvard University found that 39 percent of women and49 percent of men had binged in the two previous weeks (Jersild, 2 2:B1 ). Jet, 1 1(19): 48.Dervarics, C. College administrators, public health agencies and governmentagencies have collaborated to try and diminish the amount of alcohol use bycollege students. In other words,approximately half of America's college students admit to binge drinking.While the frequency of binge drinking and the number of drinks consumed bybinge drinkers varies, one factor does not. Dead drunk: Almost. The reasons for use ofalcohol by college students include a variety of factors. P. Surgeon General has set a 5 % reduction incollege binge drinking as a goal by the year 2 1 , among health goals forthe nation (Wechsler et al., 2 1, 288). (Mar 2 2). It is binge drinking that causes the most alcohol-related harm.According to Wechsler and Molnar (1999), those who binge drink consume 68%of all alcohol students report consuming (247). Wechsler and Nelson (2 1) conducted a study on thousandsof college students across the nation, using binge drinkers and non-bingedrinkers to determine the difference in alcohol-related problems betweenthe two groups. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 15(4): 287-252. The increase was higher for women enrolled in all-women colleges butincreased across the general college population also. College drinking kills 1,4 a year, study finds. As the Journal of American College Health reports, "Binge drinkingis at once the most important public health problem on our campuses and acritical challenge to institutional mission" (Keeling, 2 2, 197). In Washington, the District ofColumbia congressional representative, democrat Eleanor Holmes Norton, hasintroduced legislation that hopes to address binge drinking. College alcohol use: A full or empty glass? The Harvard CASdefined binge drinking as consumption of five or more drinks at one time.The CAS has been conducted four times (1993, 1997, 1999 and 2 1) anddemonstrates that the percentage of binge drinkers has remained steady at4 % to 45% over the past decade (Keeling, 2 2, 197). (Sep 2 2). S. Chronicle of Higher Education, 48(38): B1 -B11.Keeling, R. Binge drinking and the college environment. E., Davenport, A. Binge drinking causes the mostharm associated with alcohol use on campuses, in student's lives and incollege communities. Journal of American College Health, 47(6): 247-252.Wechsler, H. Forget what you did 27.2 54. (Wechsler and Nelson, 2 1, 289) The above statistics are troubling to the degree that even non-bingedrinkers experience a significant degree of alcohol-related problems whilein college. Study finds college binge drinking kills 1,4 yearly. The sobering statistics with respect tothe ill-effects of alcohol use among college students will continue todrive college, public health and government officials to find ways toaddress the issue more effectively. Journal of American College Health, 99-127.Wechsler, H., Molnar, B. One of the questions is: "Michael wasunconscious on the floor surrounded by friend, yet none of them tried toget help for him. In light of the findings of the federal Task Force onCollege Drinking, Education Secretary Rod Paige argues, "The statistics aresobering-and we must work to change the culture of acceptance of high-riskbehavior as a rite of passage" (Study, 2 2, 48). 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