INFLATION IN THE UNITED STATES.   Term Paper ID:29250 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Analyzes U.S. inflation from 1999-2000.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Analyzes U.S. inflation from 199-2000. Defines process of inflation. CPI (consumer price index) as a measure of inflation. Rates of inflation in the 1990s. Underlying causes. Inflation as a measure of economic events in the U.S. rather than a cause of events. Macroeconomic variables. Two CPI Exhibits. Paper Introduction: INFLATION IN THE UNITED STATES IN THE 1990S Introduction This research reviews and analyzes inflation in the United States during the 1990s. The review begins with a definition of inflation, and then discusses rates of inflation and the underlying causes of inflation in each year of the 1990s. The conclusion considers the economic impact of inflation in the 1990s. Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. Retrieved from the Internet on 2 2-11-2 at: http://data.bls.gov/ servlet/SurveyOutputServletBureau of Labor Statistics. (2 2). Consumer price index - December 1996. 11497 1.newsBureau of Labor Statistics. Continued success in the reduction of thefederal government budget deficit led to a continuing lessening ofpressures in the capital markets, with the result that interest ratesmoderated; an outcome that was positive for price levels.1997 The annual inflation rate in 1997 as measured by the CPI was 2.3percent. ||1993 |144.5 |3. The following discussions consider inflation in the United States foreach year separately. The dot-com boom reached its zenith, and themassive levels of false profits generated in the stock markets increasedpressures on prices. A major causal factor of the rate of inflation in 199 was thecontinuing federal government budget deficit. | ||199 |13 .7 |5.4 ||1991 |136.2 |4.2 ||1992 |14 .3 |3. The budget deficit requiredthe federal government to be a major competitor for funds in the creditmarkets. To stay away from this absurddispute, the discussion of inflation in the 199 s in this research spansthe 11-year inclusive period 199 -to-2 . 11195 1.newsGnuschke, J., & Alvarado, L. In 1992, the economy continued to be sluggish, there was apresidential election wherein the sitting president did not want tosubstantially increase federal government spending to stimulate the economybecause, as a Republican, he was casting the Democrats as big spenders, andthe economy was still digesting the effects of the Gulf War. (1991, December 21). Inflation occurs where the increase in price is for a good orservice for which there has occurred no substantial change in thecharacteristics of the good or service. A well-accepted measure ofinflation in the United States is the consumer price index (CPI). One of the reasons that the rate of inflation dropped in 1991 wasthat the economy slipped into recession in 199 and continued in recessionin 1991. Costs for both imported energy products and food productsincreased in 2 in comparison with 1999. The review begins with a definition of inflation, andthen discusses rates of inflation and the underlying causes of inflation ineach year of the 199 s. Consumerconfidence contributed a stagnant demand for goods and services andgovernment spending dropped as the demand for military spending decreased.All of these factors contributed to reduced pressures on prices.1993 The annual inflation rate in 1993 as measured by the CPI was 3. (1993, December 6). Defining Inflation Inflation is a process of steadily rising prices that results in asteadily diminishing purchasing power for a specified nominal amount ofmoney. Consumer price index - December 2 . New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Bureau of Labor Statistics. The specificversion of the CPI used in this research is the United States City Average,for items (goods), not seasonally adjusted. To theliteralist who cannot understand including a year in the decade of the199 s that does not contain "19" as the first two digits, the decade of the199 s ranges from 199 -to-1999 inclusive. This difference should be considered when comparing the tworepresentations of the CPI data. In contrast, an increasein the price of an automobile (from the same manufacturer and the samemodel) from $1 , to $12, might not be inflationary if the automobileavailable at the higher price included a computerized ignition system, acomputer-controlled braking system, and other technological enhancementsnot available on the earlier version of the automobile. Microeconomics: An integrated approach. Costs for both imported energy products and food productsincreased somewhat in 1996 in comparison with 1995. percent. Additionally, the Congress and the President wasdeveloping serious plans to eliminate the federal budget deficit. Consumer price index - December 1994. Conclusion Throughout the 11-year period analyzed, inflation was more of ameasure of economic events in the United States than it was a cause ofthose events. Retrieved from the Internet on 2 2-11-2 at: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/news.release/History/cpi. Consumer price index - December 1999. (1992, Winter). Consumer price index - December 1998. To a puristwho recognizes that the beginning count of time did not begin with the yearzero, the decade of the 199 s ranges from 1991-to-2 inclusive. (2 2). Costs for both imported energy products and food productsincreased in 1999 in comparison with 1998. 1172 1.newsBureau of Labor Statistics. The data presented in Exhibit 2 reflect annualaverages. Thus, an increase in the price ofa potato from five-cents per pound to 1 cents per pound in a situationwherein the characteristics of the potato did not change would represent aninflationary increase in the price of potatoes. Economist, 321(7738), 12.Besanko, D. Continued success inthe reduction of the federal government budget deficit led to a continuinglessening of pressures in the capital markets, with the result thatinterest rates moderated; an outcome that was positive for price levels.1996 The annual inflation rate in 1996 as measured by the CPI was 3. Forbes, 152(13), 126.Smith, D. Retrieved from the Internet on 2 2-11-2 at: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/news.release/History/cpi. These cost changes led tohigher prices for energy and food. Price pressures on other products,however, remained stable. The conclusion considers the economic impact ofinflation in the 199 s. A., & Braeutigam, R. Price pressures on other products,however, remained stable. The recessionary environment affected consumer confidence, whichin turn, depressed the demand for goods and services. Retrieved from the Internet on 2 2-11-2 at: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/news.release/History/cpi. 11398 1.newsBureau of Labor Statistics. There are many measures of inflation. Decreased demandtranslated into a smaller effect on prices.1992 The annual inflation rate in 1992 as measured by the CPI was 3. Costs for both imported energy products and for food productsdecreased in 1995, which in turn led to lower prices. inflation in the united states in the 199 s Introduction This research reviews and analyzes inflation in the United Statesduring the 199 s. Continued success inthe reduction of the federal government budget deficit led to a continuinglessening of pressures in the capital markets, with the result thatinterest rates moderated; an outcome that was positive for price levels.1999 The annual inflation rate in 1999 as measured by the CPI was 2.2percent. Exhibit 1 (below) illustrates inflation rates covering the 199 -to-2 period. Continued success inthe reduction of the federal government budget deficit led to a continuinglessening of pressures in the capital markets, with the result thatinterest rates moderated; an outcome that was positive for price levels.1998 The annual inflation rate in 1998 as measured by the CPI was 1.6percent. R. 2 196 1.newsBureau of Labor Statistics. For this research, theCPI is used as the measure of inflation in the United States. Retrieved from the Internet on 2 2-11-2 at: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/news.release/History/cpi. SourcesBack from the dead. 1142 1.newsBureau of Labor Statistics. Inawallstreetsecond. Major contributing factors to the rate of inflationare discussed.199 The annual inflation rate in 199 as measured by the CPI was 5.4percent. These cost changes led tohigher prices for energy and food. ||1997 |16 .5 |2.3 ||1998 |163. These cost changes ledto higher prices for energy and food. (1991, January). Business Perspectives, 6(2), 3- 5.Rutledge, J. |1.6 ||1999 |166.6 |2.2 ||2 |172.2 |3.4 |Exhibit 2: Consumer Price Index 1989-2 [1982-1984 Average = 1 ] The data presented in Exhibit reflect month-to-month movements in therate of inflation. Consumer price index - December 1997. This competition increased the demand for money, which in turnincreased interest rates, and finally in turn created higher prices formost goods and services.1991 The annual inflation rate in 1991 as measured by the CPI was 4.2percent. In 1993, the economy began to grow, however, the rate of growthremained relatively weak. Exhibit 2 (on the following page) presents the inflationrates for the 11-year period in a more precise tabular format.[pic]Exhibit 1: Consumer Price Index 1989-2 2|Year |CPI |Percent Change ||1989 |124. 11499 1.newsBureau of Labor Statistics. Consumer price index - December 1995. Lower costs for energy imports, together with continuingdecreases in the federal budget deficit contributed to a reduction in therate of inflation in 1994.1995 The annual inflation rate in 1995 as measured by the CPI was 2.8percent. These conditions continued the period of weakpressures on prices. Management Today 28-29. percent. The CPIis available in several versions [e.g., all consumers or one of many sub-sets of consumers; and/or all goods or one of many sub-sets of goods; andnot seasonally adjusted or seasonally adjusted). One can state of this 11-year period, however, thatits effects were minimal compared with other factors. Whilemajor reductions in the size of the deficit did not occur in 1993, thepsychological impact on interests was significant.1994 The annual inflation rate in 1994 as measured by the CPI was 2.6percent. ||1994 |148.2 |2.6 ||1995 |152.4 |2.8 ||1996 |156.9 |3. Retrieved from the Internet on 2 2-11-2 at: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/news.release/History/cpi. To control inflation or reduce interest - that is the question. Price pressures on other products,however, remained stable. Retrieved from the Internet on 2 2-11-2 at: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/news.release/History/cpi. Costs for both imported energy products and for food productsdecreased in 1997, which in turn led to lower prices. As strong interrelationships exist between and among allmacroeconomic variables, one cannot state that inflation did not have aneffect on the economy. percent. Continued success in the reduction of thefederal government budget deficit led to a continuing lessening ofpressures in the capital markets, with the result that interest ratesmoderated; an outcome that was positive for price levels.2 The annual inflation rate in 2 as measured by the CPI was 3.4percent. Consumer price index - all urban consumers: 1988-2 2. Costs for both imported energy products and for food productsdecreased in 1998, which in turn led to lower prices. Retrieved from the Internet on 2 2-11-2 at: ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/news.release/History/cpi. Rates of Inflation and Underlying Causes in the 199 s The first issue to consider in a discussion of rates of inflation inthe 199 s is the determination of what constitutes the 199 s. 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