GENDER AND COMMUNICATION.   Term Paper ID:29042 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Examines difference in communications between women and men.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Discusses findings of several studies and articles regarding accuracy of how the two genders communicate. Communication issues include women as instigators of discussion in relationship problems, male tendency to close off discussion in intimate discussions. The need to place gender communication in context. Cultural factors. Paper Introduction: Gender and Communication: Is Communication Really Different Between the Sexes? If So, How? Many studies indicate a difference in communication between men and women. Generally speaking, these findings depict women as the instigators of discussion when it comes to approaching problems in a relationship, desiring increasing amounts of information, while the men tend to close off their emotions the more intimate the discussion gets (Ball, Cowan & Cowan, 1995). Michaud & Warner's (1997) study on gender differences have similar findings to the study done by Ball, Cowan & Cowan in the area of the giving of advice between the genders in that men tend to see advice giving (before it is asked for) as a sign of lack of respect. Howev Text of the Paper: The entire text of the paper is shown below. However, the text is somewhat scrambled. We want to give you as much information as we possibly can about our papers and essays, but we cannot give them away for free. In the text below you will find that while disordered, many of the phrases are essentially intact. From this text you will be able to get a solid sense of the writing style, the concepts addressed, and the sources used in the research paper. 656-669.M. "Talking Emotions": Gender Differences in a Variety of Conversational Contexts. T. Gender Differences in Self- Reported Response to Troubles Talk. ReferencesJ. For example, earlier in this paper it should be noted that neither gender likes taking advice. Most people need to work on communication-both expression and listening techniques-no matter what their gender.I. Michaud, S. Vol. Sex Roles. Gender Roles on Prime-Time Network Television: Demographics and Behaviors. & Weller, L. Wood, J. Wood's findings also run counter to Goldschmidt & Weller. P., Ph.D. 2 1-21 . NY: Harper Collins.O. Indeed, Kupers (1997) asserts that many behaviors (need to be assured, for example) assumed to be typical of the female gender have been pathologized, where behaviors assumed to be attributable to the male (such as fear of commitment) have not been pathologized. 3, pp. Additionally, as Bolton (1979) points out, it is rare when anyone is able to communicate well. Goldschmidt & Weller (2 ) discounted previous studies that had foundno difference in gender communication as "inconsistent" (p. As Goldschmidt & Weller (2 ) state, "common understanding takes as 'fact' that men and women talk about different things" (p. & Warner R. New York: Simon & Schuster, A Touchstone Book.L. However, as Goldschmidt & Weller themselves assert, much of these differences are simply assumed to exist, just as Gray assumes that they exist. A. 2, pgs. B. The Southern Communication Journal. Michaud & Warner's (1997) study on gender differences have similar findings to the study done by Ball, Cowan & Cowan in the area of the giving of advice between the genders in that men tend to see advice giving (before it is asked for) as a sign of lack of respect. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.P. 527-54 .Q. A critical response to John Gray's Mars and Venus portrayals of men and women. Additionally, fewer characters are currently being portrayed in gender specific roles than in the 7 s (Glascock, 2 1). (1997) "The Politics of Psychiatry: Gender and Sexual Preference in DSM-IV," in Walsh, M. 37, no. (2 2). Vol. M. Generally speaking, these findings depict women as the instigators of discussion when it comes to approaching problems in a relationship, desiring increasing amounts of information, while the men tend to close off their emotions the more intimate the discussion gets (Ball, Cowan & Cowan, 1995). T. C.D. People Skills: How to assert yourself, listen to others, and resolve conflicts. Gray, author of Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus (1992), offers a much more simplistic variation of these discussions regarding the difference of communication between the genders. 3 3-321.K. The responses to their survey did not fall along gender lines as conclusively as the studies done by Ball, Cowan & Cowan (1995) did. Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus. Wood (2 2) also counter's Gray's simplistic statements by pointing out that Gray not only has no academic training, but does not even cite any academic proof for his statements. 117-134.N. 45, no. Vol. Gray uses this assumption to his advantage to create a dichotomy that does not necessarily exist.F. Fall, Vol. Winter, Vol. Family Process. Many studies indicate a difference in communication between men and women. L. This means that there could have been cultural factorsand differences between the cited "inconsistent" studies and thoseconducted by Goldschmidt & Weller (2 ).G. It should be noted, however, that their studies wereof Israeli men and women, where the studies they cited were not necessarilyIsraeli in origin. 32, no. According to Gray, for example, when women talk about their problems, they do not want advice; they just want sympathy and commiseration. (1992). If So, How? These findings are in direct contrast to those conducted by Goldschmidt & Weller and do little to support the other studies previously discussed as well.H. (1997). 34, no. Additionally, she points out that he, like Ball, Cowan & Cowan, asks close-ended questions such as "Do you want to be assured of being loved or be encouraged to be your best?" Most people, given a chance, would indicate that they, in fact, want both (Wood, 2 2). Yet, in another study done by Goldschmidt & Weller (2 ), data indicated a significant difference in the emotional language used between the genders when allowed for the context of the conversation. Women, although they do not want advice, are willing to offer it because they want to know how they can help when they sense trouble. R., ed., Women, Men, and Gender: Ongoing Debates. In fact, Goldschmidt & Weller(2 2) spend a good deal of time discussing how much more aggressive menare verbally than women as well as trying to counter those studies thatindicate that men and women do, indeed, want the same thing whencommunicating (2 1). Kupers, T. Symbolic Interaction. If the man has not asked for advice, however, he views this as a lack of respect; hence, again, advice is offered and then rejected (1992). (2 1). Ball, F.L.J, Ph.D., Cowan, P., Ph.D., & Cowan, C. 4, pp. Men, on the other hand, see this as asking for advice, which is considered a compliment. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media. Contrary to Gray's assumption and the surface findings of the above studies, however, closer study reveals that communication along gender lines is not as great a dichotomy as previously indicated. (1995). 7/8, pp. 67, No. Who's Got the Power? A. In fact, there is a marked increase in female characters in both drama and action/adventure series and episodes (Glascock, 2 1). Gender Differences in Partners' Perceptions of Influence During Marital Problem-Solving Discussions. Additionally, most female characters, in general, are more verbally aggressive than their male counterparts, while the males tend to be more physically aggressive (Glascock, 2 1). 119) and statedthat only in placing communication within context would there by accuratefindings, which their own studies show. That is not a communication attribute that could be assigned to either sex. Advice is offered and then reject. Glascock, J. Gray, J. For example, according to Michaud & Warner (1997) open-ended questions allow for more accurate data to be gathered. Although Gray's book does generally follow along the lines of study presented by Michaud & Warner; Ball, Cowan & Cowan; and Goldschmidt & Weller, it is very simplistic in its presentation and conclusion. However, Michaud & Warner's (1997) study also shows less of a polarity between men and women than has been seen in the past in the manner of communication of problems since their survey used open-ended questions as opposed to the close-ended questions used by Ball, Cowan & Cowan. Bolton, R., Ph.D., (1979). In conclusion, in the past, when there was a greater gap between the sexes, there may have been a greater assumption in the perceived gap in communication between the two genders. (2 ). Using these three studies, as well as other articles, this paper will discuss whether these findings that indicate differences between how the two genders communicate are accurate, and if so, to what extent.E. Gender and Communication: Is Communication Really Different Between the Sexes? 117). Glascock (2 1), in a more populist study of prime-time characters, discusses that while heterosexual gender stereotypes persist, there is a greater prevalence for more variety within the spectrum of differences, as well as more women involved in the media field in general. 2, pp. Further study indicates, however, that these assumptions are far too simplistic and that the differences are not so great. Goldschmidt, O. If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay written just for you.

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