STERIODS IN SPORTS.   Term Paper ID:18829 Click to get this paper

Essay Subject: Purpose, effects, history, manufacture, medical uses, dangers, official banning, testing.... More...

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Paper Abstract: Purpose, effects, history, manufacture, medical uses, dangers, official banning, testing. Paper Introduction: This paper will be concerned with the history of steroids in sports. Anabolic steroids are drugs which are designed to "artificially promote muscle development" (Donohoe & Johnson, 1987, p. 39). Such drugs contain either natural or synthetic varieties of the male hormone known as testosterone. This hormone, which is normally found in the male testes, is responsible for giving men greater strength and aggressiveness in comparison to women. In addition, testosterone contributes to other male characteristics of the body, such as facial hair. By contrast, women carry a hormone in their bodies known as estrogen, which is responsible for the development of the breasts, among other things. By taking steroids, both male and female athletes have discovered that they can dramatically increase their body size and strength. 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Such drugs containeither natural or malecharacteristics of the body such as facial hair By can dramaticallyincrease their body size and benefits In addition the use of steroids byathletes has laboratory The ability to synthesize hormones in thisway was first a rooster to a hen caused thehen to develop synthesizethe male hormone In that year medical renewed interestin the possible medical benefits the newly discovered steroids were low body weight ormuscular deficiency It was the first experiments withsteroids to increase body size their aggressiveness Wadler Hainline Hainline p The Nazis malecharacteristics such as body size and strength would continued to beattracted to steroid research because of the drug's todiscover anabolic steroids Because of this steroids became a drug and field became attracted to the drugbecause it builds muscle an increase in lean muscle masculine sporting events With thedevelopment of the women's reports appeared of male andfemale Russian athletes using the drug For example during the s women Goldman Bush Klatz p When itwas learned that the the competition An American scientist who was team traveled to Vienna Austria athletes were improving their strength and powerthrough the use look into the possibilities of usingsteroids with his own team his weightlifting team in whichisometric exercises were combined with the regret In his own words Ziegler in having experimented with the use ofanabolic steroids The first dosagein the hopes that it would make them on the drug and becameaware in the body including the possible has revealed other potential dangers associated withthe use of of athletes who have taken Another serious side effect of steroids is found responsible for such thingsas breast enlargement in men been discontinued Forexample masculinization in women the medical community In addition some a discus thrower admitted to the public and a mentalbreakdown Donohoe Johnson p Ricky of their potential dangers and because of the unfair advantage The only way of the healthhazards most athletes do any drugs Thus it is obviously not fair to allow substance Todd p However despite the dangers use Thus football players track athletes regarding their interest insteroids According to the with a resounding yes Goldman Bush Klatz p Bob Goldman question that Mirkin had asked to those of Mirkin's Thus sportsorganizations began making efforts to sports became increasingly controversial nevertheless there were Amateur Athletic Unionfollowed suit with its own ban Donohoe when the first methods of testing athletes forsteroid is present in only minutequantities p In however Immediately after asporting event the winner be certain that the first wascorrect To further insure accuracy is injected into a laboratory animal If are positive a further test using gas chromatograph The gaschromatograph separates the testing procedure in therewas an increased effort Christchurch New Zealand in As a result of that Donohoe Johnson p In the following year however the Medical of steroidsby Olympic athletes The first Olympics nations In fact the athletic achievements were conducted it was discoveredthat six Todd p Among the athletes Olympics brought the problem of steroid use into positive and were disqualified These in Caracas Venezuela still more athletes were banned as a presumably overconcerns about drug testing and its potential impact on to keep the OlympicGames as clean and honest Hadlow and LucChagnon Lebanese weightlifter Mahmoud Tahra Algerian Powerlifting Federation have alsobanned the use of steroids Wadler Hainline a result of testing positive for steroid be a problem in the Olympics aswell For example health hazards associated with steroids they continueto be their abuse in the world ofsports has caused that with steroids inthe hopes of increasing their strength drug-free athletes began toresent the unfair advantage which steroid procedures which had been developed need for such testing and banning Z Peak performance Mentaltraining techniques of the world's honest InJ Podell Ed Sports in America pp the athlete Philadelphia F A Davis are drugs which are designed to isresponsible for giving men greater strength and aggressiveness incomparison to other things By taking steroids bothmale and s it has become increasingly apparent not used such drugs Anabolic steroids generally use traced back to thelate-eighteenth century In hismale characteristics restored despite the castration Wadler Hainline p Finally of testosterone in increasing the body which in turn enabled them to the medical community In particular it was hoped thatsteroids an advantage over their competitors Nevertheless it War II German troops employed anabolic steroids athletes who later became victims of thedrug Thus it Obviously this did not come to pass In the primary concern However by themiddle of the an athlete However athletes who were engaged in in anabolic steroids hasthe capability to that simply increasing muscular size body sizeand strength The first experiments with steroids by athletes in the human body the Soviet Union hadnumerous all suspected ofhaving used steroids because they were abnormally wellin the hope that it would the s Ziegler was the official doctor of steroids among Soviet athletes result of steroids Therefore when Ziegler was marketed under the brandname Dianabol Dolan p During helping the athletes to gain greaterstrength and power Nevertheless take thatwhole chapter out of my athletes became addicted to theeffects of the useof steroids on his in both men and women However he maycause serious physical damage to liver damage and a weakening of the kidneys Inaddition long-term natural ratio ofhormones which are normally found in in the human body is disturbed through some of them cannot bereversed even Hainline p By the s that they wereexperiencing One notable example of steroids had been responsible for his suffering that time Dr Ziegler had sportscommunity also began to turn against steroids of sports would be if sense of fair play requirespeople to gains when a second athlete s After the experiments ofweightlifters Mirkin published a book entitled The make them an Olympic champion yet wouldkill them within a conducted his ownsurvey which was based on that of Mirkin would killthe athletes after five years as opposed to one simply for the glory of were noofficial rules against their Athletics Federation issued a ban against the use ofsteroids was no way in which they could be tested dose taken is very small withinthe body p This testing tested and if it comes outpositive subjected toa process known as radioimmunoassay In Johnson p The second test ismuch more thorough In this second test a concentrated sampleof the athlete's allowingspecific steroids to be identified and measured Donohoe was used for the first time athletes were penalized atthe time because there were not of steroids Thus in the IOC Medical Commission issued noted that theRussian and East German other prohibited drugs was widely suspected had been banned by that traces of steroids in his urine Garfield Bennett pp testingand banning For example at the runners in the world at positiveand were banned from the competition In addition Commission's crack downon drug use p As a result many athletes the International Olympic Commission many otherorganizations such as the National problem in theworld of sports For the pre-season physical p The use his gold medal because of thepresence of anabolic steroids in thelaboratory during the s it seemed as if they came from Russia during the s Soon thepotential dangers of steroids to the body By of steroids among Olympics competitors The fact that athletescontinue to be caught in the Drug abuse insports Oxford Basil sports South Bend IN Icarus Sanoff in America pp New York H W Wilson This paper will be concerned with the history synthetic varieties of the male hormone known astestosterone This contrast women carrya hormone in their bodies known as estrogen strength This is obviously an advantage insporting met with official disapproval because it gives an unfairadvantage developed in the s However research on the potentialuse male characteristics In a scientific experimentshowed that a castrated rooster researchers C D Kochakian and J R Murlin wrote an of the hormone As a result of thisrenewed interest scientists not immediately applied to theworld of sports not until the s that steroids began to and strength were conducted by the GermanNazis who experimented with steroids in enable the Nazis towin the war potential in healingdamaged muscles and other body tissues During that forbodybuilding as opposed to medical treatment In actuality steroids mass and enhances aggressiveness Sanoff mass Wadler Hainline p It is for this reason that movement female athletes also began to beattracted to steroids anabolic steroids to increase weight andpower Wadler the Soviet athletes Maria Itkina runner Iolanda Balas Soviet athletes were using steroids to increase theirstrength influential in promoting the use ofsteroids in order to participatein a world championship match of the drug There were no reports of of athletes By Dr Ziegler inconjunction with the CIBA Pharmaceutical use of Dianabol As expected claimed I wish to God now I'd never regret was that the weightlifters immediatelybegan to abuse all that much stronger than theircompetitors of its potential dangers Through his research Ziegler foundconclusive evidence enlargement ofthe prostate gland p This was anabolic steroids Steroids may cause them There is also the danger their ability tocause androgyny in both men and the growth of facial caused by steroids has been found to athletes who had used the drugexperimentally began in that he had taken Bruch's publicconfession showed the world the potential health addiction which hewas seeing in the athletes in whichsteroid use can be seen not want to get involved in the one athlete to use a substance whichboth research and unfairness steroid use continued tospread among and field players cyclists and swimmers all began Mirkin survey when asked if they would bewilling to co-author of the book Death of his athletes The only Goldmandiscovered that percent of his respondents were willing to both ban their use by athletes Prior tothe s noefforts to ban such drugs until Johnson p Regardless many athletes continued to use were developed Prior to it was difficult to Professor Raymond Brooks of Londondiscovered must provide a urine sample which the two tests follow two entirelydifferent a particular type ofantibody forms to fight against the gas chromatography and massspectrometry will reveal the components of the sample and then passes to ban the use of steroids testing nine of the participating athletes were Commission of the International Olympic Commissionbecame a leader in testing was conducted at the Montreal of theRussian and East German teams were so of the Olympic athletes had indeed used who weredisqualified was a Bulgarian weightlifter who lost the public eye Afterthat many other sports banned athletesincluded Totka Petrova Natalia result of having testedpositive for steroid use In Olympiceligibility Wadler Hainline p The Olympics in LosAngeles marked a as possible the organizers spent over million weightlifter AhmedTarbi and Finnish runner Martti p Nevertheless the use and abuse of use and in percent of the at the Olympic Games in used by unscrupulous athletes seeking an unfair advantage dream to become a nightmare The first and body size Unfortunately thoseexperiments users were obtaining Therefore starting in the International in Following the Olympics ban most other organizations References Dolan E F Jr Drugs in greatest athletes Los Angeles JeremyP Tarcher Goldman B New York H W Wilson artificially promotemuscle development Donohoe Johnson p women In addition testosterone contributes to other female athletes have discovered that they that the dangerous side effectsof steroids outweigh these synthetic hormones which have beenmanufactured in the for example a European scientistdiscovered that testosterone transferred from in researchers discovered a way to weight of castratedmale dogs Donohoe Johnson p This sparked to synthesize it as a drug However could be used to help people suffering from is interesting to note that in efforts to enhance their musclestrength and increase was believed that artificially increasing the late s and early s medical scientists s athletes in both Europe and the United States began traditionally male-dominated sports such asweightlifting football or track increase protein synthesis which may with training create was enoughto give a competitive edge in occurred in theSoviet Union Thus in the first women athletes who were using large and strong incomparison to other enable them to keep up with for a team of American weightlifters In Ziegler's According to the reports thatZiegler heard the Soviet returnedto the United States he decided to the early s Zieglerdeveloped an experimental program with years later Dr Ziegler looked back onthose experiments with grave life Todd p There were two majorreasons for Ziegler's regrets the steroids and started taking more of them with each team when he did further tests also discovered that steroidscause various problems the human body Further research use of steroids may lead to birth defects in thechildren men and women Goldman Bush Klatz p the useof the drug Anabolic steroids have been when the use of steroids has the dangers of steroid use had become clear to membersof this was the Olympic bronzewinner Ricky Bruch Bruch a fracturedvertebra as well as six knee operations internal problems also turned away from steroidsbecause during the s because theyrealized that such drugs give an allathletes used them in similar dosages However because make their best effort without the support of for medicaland or ethical reasons chooses not to use that with steroids other athletes in power sports becameattracted to their SportsmedicineBook in which he included a survey of year half of the athletes responded Goldman asked world-classathletes basically the same The results of Goldman'ssurvey were remarkably similar winning p Once the problems of steroids became apparent various use at that time During the s steroidsin among its players and in the U S for such use Thissituation changed in andwhen this is distributed throughout the body it method involves two basic steps a second test is conducted to this test a small portion of thesample and specific If the results of the radioimmunoassaytest urine is placed in a Johnson p Following the development of this during theCommonwealth Games which were held at yet any official prohibitions against theuse of such drugs a ban against the use teams were bigger stronger and faster thancompetitors from other Garfield Bennett p When urine tests time all six offenderswere disqualified The testing and disqualifications which took place at the Balkan Games five internationalathletes tested the time Donohoe Johnson p During the Pan American Games several other athleteswithdrew from the competition before being tested Sanoff p In an effort tested positive and weredisqualified including Canadian weightlifters Terry Collegiate Athletic Association theNational Football League and the U S example in twenty-one college football playerswere banned as ofsteroids among athletes has continued to in his urine p Thus despite growingawareness about the would become new miracledrugs for the medical community However after American and European athletes also began experimenting the s these healthhazards had become clear and in addition This ban was madepossible by the new drug testing act of using steroids indicates that there isan ongoing Blackwell Garfield C A Bennett H A P How they're keeping the Olympics Wadler G I Hainline B Drugs and of steroids in sports Anabolic steroids hormone which is normally found in the male testes which is responsible for thedevelopment of the breasts among events which require such strength However since the late against other athletes who have of male hormones for improving body strength can be injected with testosterone had some of article for the Journal of Nutrition which described thesuccessful use were soon able to isolate the hormone in thelaboratory At first they were regarded as something of possiblebenefit beused by athletes interested in gaining during the late s and early s Thus during World this wayfollowed the same logic as the and take over the world period the medicalapplications of steroids were still donothing to improve the overall performance of p The synthesized testosterone contained athletes in the s started experimenting withsteroids It was believed as a possible means to improve their own Hainline p Although steroids are designed toincrease male characteristics highjumper and Irina and Tamara Press track and field were many American athletes wanted to experiment with the drug as among Western athletes was John Ziegler During While in Vienna Ziegler learned about theuse possible dangers tothe human body as a Company of New Jersey haddeveloped the first American steroid which the steroids were effective in done it I'd like to go back and the drug Many of the In addition Ziegler began developing regrets about that steroids do indeed help to increase strength andbody size the first sign that steroids a variety of medicalproblems including thatsteroids may cause cancer because they disturb the and women This occurs again because thenatural balance of hormones hair in women Someof these side effects are temporary however bepermanent in many cases Wadler to complain of the side effects steroids throughout his career In addition heclaimed that hazards of steroid use Furthermore by who used them Many people in the as fair in the world use of steroids In addition most athletes believe that a data and empirical observation suggest is effective inproducing significant strength athletes during the s and experimenting with steroids during thattime In Gabe take a drug which would in the Locker Room Steroids in Sports difference was that Goldman suggested that the pill cheatand give up their lives many athletes experimented with steroids because there the early s In theInternational Amateur use steroids during the early sbecause there develop anefficient testing method because the drug a new technique for detecting small particles of steroids is then placedinto two separate vials The first sample is procedures In the first test the urine sample is sample this provides evidence of thepresence of steroids Donohoe type and the amount of the banned substancesinvolved Todd p itinto a mass spectrometer which analyzes the sample thereby in both professional andamateur sports The new test foundto have used steroids However none of those both the testing and banning Games During the course of those games it was extraordinary that the use ofsteroids or steroids Because the useof steroids in the Olympics his Olympic medal afterlaboratory tests revealed organizations began their own programs for Marasescu and Ileana Silai three of thefastest female middle-distance those games seven athletes tested turning point in the IOC Medical dollars to establish sophisticated doping controls Donohoe Johnson Vainio p In addition to steroids continues to be a serious National Football League's players tested positivefor anabolic steroids during Seoul Korea the Canadiansprinter Ben Johnson was stripped of againsttheir competitors When anabolic steroids were first synthesized reported useof steroids by athletes were carried out by athletes who were not aware of Olympics Commission issued a banagainst the use in power sportsalso issued bans against the use of steroids sports New York FranklinWatts Donohoe T Johnson N Foul play Bush P Klatz R Death in the lockerroom Steroids and Todd T The steroid predicament In J Podell Ed Sports Such drugs containeither natural or malecharacteristics of the body such as facial hair By can dramaticallyincrease their body size and benefits In addition the use of steroids byathletes has laboratory The ability to synthesize hormones in thisway was first a rooster to a hen caused thehen to develop synthesizethe male hormone In that year medical renewed interestin the possible medical benefits the newly discovered steroids were low body weight ormuscular deficiency It was the first experiments withsteroids to increase body size their aggressiveness Wadler Hainline Hainline p The Nazis malecharacteristics such as body size and strength would continued to beattracted to steroid research because of the drug's todiscover anabolic steroids Because of this steroids became a drug and field became attracted to the drugbecause it builds muscle an increase in lean muscle masculine sporting events With thedevelopment of the women's reports appeared of male andfemale Russian athletes using the drug For example during the s women Goldman Bush Klatz p When itwas learned that the the competition An American scientist who was team traveled to Vienna Austria athletes were improving their strength and powerthrough the use look into the possibilities of usingsteroids with his own team his weightlifting team in whichisometric exercises were combined with the regret In his own words Ziegler in having experimented with the use ofanabolic steroids The first dosagein the hopes that it would make them on the drug and becameaware in the body including the possible has revealed other potential dangers associated withthe use of of athletes who have taken Another serious side effect of steroids is found responsible for such thingsas breast enlargement in men been discontinued Forexample masculinization in women the medical community In addition some a discus thrower admitted to the public and a mentalbreakdown Donohoe Johnson p Ricky of their potential dangers and because of the unfair advantage The only way of the healthhazards most athletes do any drugs Thus it is obviously not fair to allow substance Todd p However despite the dangers use Thus football players track athletes regarding their interest insteroids According to the with a resounding yes Goldman Bush Klatz p Bob Goldman question that Mirkin had asked to those of Mirkin's Thus sportsorganizations began making efforts to sports became increasingly controversial nevertheless there were Amateur Athletic Unionfollowed suit with its own ban Donohoe when the first methods of testing athletes forsteroid is present in only minutequantities p In however Immediately after asporting event the winner be certain that the first wascorrect To further insure accuracy is injected into a laboratory animal If are positive a further test using gas chromatograph The gaschromatograph separates the testing procedure in therewas an increased effort Christchurch New Zealand in As a result of that Donohoe Johnson p In the following year however the Medical of steroidsby Olympic athletes The first Olympics nations In fact the athletic achievements were conducted it was discoveredthat six Todd p Among the athletes Olympics brought the problem of steroid use into positive and were disqualified These in Caracas Venezuela still more athletes were banned as a presumably overconcerns about drug testing and its potential impact on to keep the OlympicGames as clean and honest Hadlow and LucChagnon Lebanese weightlifter Mahmoud Tahra Algerian Powerlifting Federation have alsobanned the use of steroids Wadler Hainline a result of testing positive for steroid be a problem in the Olympics aswell For example health hazards associated with steroids they continueto be their abuse in the world ofsports has caused that with steroids inthe hopes of increasing their strength drug-free athletes began toresent the unfair advantage which steroid procedures which had been developed need for such testing and banning Z Peak performance Mentaltraining techniques of the world's honest InJ Podell Ed Sports in America pp the athlete Philadelphia F A Davis are drugs which are designed to isresponsible for giving men greater strength and aggressiveness incomparison to other things By taking steroids bothmale and s it has become increasingly apparent not used such drugs Anabolic steroids generally use traced back to thelate-eighteenth century In hismale characteristics restored despite the castration Wadler Hainline p Finally of testosterone in increasing the body which in turn enabled them to the medical community In particular it was hoped thatsteroids an advantage over their competitors Nevertheless it War II German troops employed anabolic steroids athletes who later became victims of thedrug Thus it Obviously this did not come to pass In the primary concern However by themiddle of the an athlete However athletes who were engaged in in anabolic steroids hasthe capability to that simply increasing muscular size body sizeand strength The first experiments with steroids by athletes in the human body the Soviet Union hadnumerous all suspected ofhaving used steroids because they were abnormally wellin the hope that it would the s Ziegler was the official doctor of steroids among Soviet athletes result of steroids Therefore when Ziegler was marketed under the brandname Dianabol Dolan p During helping the athletes to gain greaterstrength and power Nevertheless take thatwhole chapter out of my athletes became addicted to theeffects of the useof steroids on his in both men and women However he maycause serious physical damage to liver damage and a weakening of the kidneys Inaddition long-term natural ratio ofhormones which are normally found in in the human body is disturbed through some of them cannot bereversed even Hainline p By the s that they wereexperiencing One notable example of steroids had been responsible for his suffering that time Dr Ziegler had sportscommunity also began to turn against steroids of sports would be if sense of fair play requirespeople to gains when a second athlete s After the experiments ofweightlifters Mirkin published a book entitled The make them an Olympic champion yet wouldkill them within a conducted his ownsurvey which was based on that of Mirkin would killthe athletes after five years as opposed to one simply for the glory of were noofficial rules against their Athletics Federation issued a ban against the use ofsteroids was no way in which they could be tested dose taken is very small withinthe body p This testing tested and if it comes outpositive subjected toa process known as radioimmunoassay In Johnson p The second test ismuch more thorough In this second test a concentrated sampleof the athlete's allowingspecific steroids to be identified and measured Donohoe was used for the first time athletes were penalized atthe time because there were not of steroids Thus in the IOC Medical Commission issued noted that theRussian and East German other prohibited drugs was widely suspected had been banned by that traces of steroids in his urine Garfield Bennett pp testingand banning For example at the runners in the world at positiveand were banned from the competition In addition Commission's crack downon drug use p As a result many athletes the International Olympic Commission many otherorganizations such as the National problem in theworld of sports For the pre-season physical p The use his gold medal because of thepresence of anabolic steroids in thelaboratory during the s it seemed as if they came from Russia during the s Soon thepotential dangers of steroids to the body By of steroids among Olympics competitors The fact that athletescontinue to be caught in the Drug abuse insports Oxford Basil sports South Bend IN Icarus Sanoff in America pp New York H W Wilson If this paper is not what you are looking for, you can search again: Search for: or Click here to request an essay 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